Types of Conflict Essay

Essay on Conflict Types

There are several types of conflicts that may erupt as the combination of different individuals come together to form a team. Although negative thoughts come to mind when mentioning the word conflict, the situation can be possible as well.

You have A-type conflict and C-type conflict.

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A-type conflict also known as Emotional or affective conflict (Guetzkow & Gyre,1954) is described as one that is personal, defensive, and resentful. It is the result of someone that expresses personal friction and anger. This type of conflict provides personality clashes and egos to come abroad causing much tension amongst the team.

A-type conflict is very distractive within a team. I t may cause the teammates to lose focus on their objective. So much energy is being diverted to reducing the threats.

And trying to build unity instead of working on the actual task to be performed.

The effectiveness of the team is now in question. Due to the emotional strain the affective conflict causes, the team's productivity dwindles and the unit does not perform up to their potential.

Besides all the negative things conflicts can cause, lets discuss some of the benefits of a conflict within a learning team. We've discussed how harmful A-type conflicts can harm a team. Things are a bit different when it comes to characteristics of a C-type conflict.

C- Type conflict also known as cognitive conflict can have a positive impact on the team.

It is usually the results of disputes about the different ideas, plans and projects.

This usually brings out the best among the team members. For example, when an individual disagrees with the idea of another teammate, it usually stimulates more communication within the team. Unlike with A-type, this forces the teammates to consider each others ideas. When in disagreement, this causes the teammates to really sit and come up with a solution that everyone is comfortable with.

One of the advantages of a cognitive conflict is that brings out constructive criticism.

Cognitive conflicts usually help the decision "making process by encouraging the team to be more productive and provide a very respectful decision. In contrast, this process increases the quality of the decisions made. It enhances the teams functioning capabilities.

A cognitive conflict usually is the result of a healthy environment.

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Essay on Effective Communication

Importance of Effective Communication Essay

Communication is the process of transferring meaning from sender to receiver. Organizational communication process involves both the external and internal flows of information, including verbal communication in a nation and in the world as well. Government attempt to secure agreements with other nations regarding international trade is one of the major objectives of external communication, which often takes the form of two-way communication. Other external communication often involves more ways than one-way communication and that may require all the parties affected by the messages to join and cooperate. Internal communication, however, is highly influenced by cultural differences. That is why cross-cultural understanding can never be over-emphasized.

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Context is the totality of information against the background of which an event or an act of communication takes place. Therefore, the context becomes a necessary part of effective understanding and helps convey the message. It is alleged that there are societies, such as Asian countries and many Arab countries, where messages can be implicit and indirect to the Westerners.

Traditions, languages and social fabrics there form a highly different cultural context in their own communication. Whereas, there are low-context societies, as the United States and Canada, where messages sound far more explicit and direct.

There are varying degrees of communication effectiveness, depending on the cultural context of the parties engaged in the discourse. For example, the elaborating style with words and phrases added to fit the style is widely used in high-context societies. The plain and exact style is more popular in low-context societies. The succinct style can be achieved in both high-context and low context cultures if the speaker is more concerned with conveying his or her message risking little misunderstanding.

Contextual style has a lot to do with the speaker and relationship between the parties involved. It is associated with high power distance, collective, high-context cultures. Personal style can be a choice of the speaker who wants to reduce possible barriers between the parties and makes it easy for the listeners. It is popular in low power distance, individualistic and low-context cultures. In addition, the affective style is characterized by language flourishes, which requires the listener to carefully note what is being said and what is being hinted by observing how the sender is presenting the message. In contrast, the instrumental style is goal-oriented and focuses on the sender.

Communicating in the international business context involves both downward and upward flows. Downward communication is the transmission of information from the superior to the subordinate. The purpose of the manager-initiated communication flow is to issue orders and share information. Upward communication is to transfer information from the subordinate to the superior. The purpose of this subordinate-initiated upward communication is to provide feedback, ask questions, or obtain assistance from higher-level management.

There are a great many problems in the international arena that can result in the failure to transfer meaning correctly. International management contains a number of common communication barriers in the language, perception, culture and nonverbal communication. In the field of language, poor writing is proving to be a bigger barrier than poor talking. Misperception resulting from cultural differences also can become barriers to effective communication. Nonverbal communication, such as body language, facial expressions, and use of physical space, time and colors, often causes communication problems.

A number of steps can be taken to improve communication effectiveness in the international arena, which include feedback systems, language and cultural training, as well as increased flexibility and cooperation. These means would help to alleviate such complicated communication problems. But before all those steps taken, the awareness of ineffective communication on the part of both of the superiors and subordinates is essential. And all remedies should start from that.

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Essay on Concert Experience

My Concert Experience Essay

I went to the UNCC Flute Choir/ Quartet, on Monday, November24, 2003. It was held in the Rowe Recital Hall at 8:00pm. Jennifer Dior was the conductor.

The first piece was the "Quatuor". It was by Pierre Max Dubois. Four girls came onto the stage with their flutes. I was thinking the worst of this concert because it probably would have been more interesting if it were drums or guitars. There were a lot of variations through out the piece. The highs and lows of the pitches kept you on the edge of your seat. There seemed to be somewhat of a comedic melody scripted in the notes. When I heard the song, I picked up on the snippet of the Wizard of Oz theme they were playing, with the whirling and whirling.

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The second piece was "A Celtic Folk Song", by Kells Waters and arranged by Kelly Via. One thing I noticed first after listening to this piece was that it was short. A lot shorter than the music played through out the entire evening. Soft sounds were obvious through out "A Celtic Folk Song". It started off slow and then quickly lead to a faster pace. There were a lot of variations. There were high pitch sounds that hinted to the listeners that the speed was about to change, but in all the piece was very organized, not scattered.

The third piece was "Ukranian Bell Carol" arranged by Alexandra Moinar-Suhajda. The beats and rhythm gave me the feeling like the piece was meant to be serious. It was fast and then would switch to a forceful high tone. There were repiticous beats that played over and over. The Artist of the work really was meaning to get his point across. I didn't hear any occasional embellishment of notes here and there; leading me to believe the conductor wasn't using different variations. This made the piece to be very boring and non-entertaining. There were a few solos in the piece to where it gave the instrumental player a chance to use his virtuosity.

The fourth piece was "Nutcracker Suite". It is by PI Tchaikovsky. This piece was probably the most enjoyable for me of the evening. There were six different part-sections that made up this piece: Miniature Overture, Danse of the Mirlitons, Chinese Danse, Arab Danse, Danse of the Sugar Plum Fairy, and March. Theme and variations were used which made a lot of anticipating and questioning. There was a lot of high pitch, crescendo moments. It also had its decrescendo moments, but not as much. The beat was very quick, almost like a fast race that wanted to be over.

The fifth piece was "Colonel Bogey March". It was by Kenneth J. Alford. This piece sounded like I had heard it before. There were a few solos, duets, and several mixtures. The end was like a slow dance, peaceful and calm. The tone wasn't so loud and pitch not to high. A very melodically sound and then boom. Two percussion's were added and I really liked that.

My lady friend and I did not really enjoyed the music as much as the last concert we went to, The Queen City Brass Band. I dreading going to this concert just because I don't find flutes to be all that interesting. Everyone played well it seemed and everything was arranged to perfection, it just wasn't my cup of tea.

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Essay on Briar Rose

Briar Rose is centered around one woman's Holocaust experience and intermixed with the classic fairy-tale, Sleeping Beauty. Yolen's uses of classic fairy-tale elements such as a prince and the curse of a long sleep are used to connect us to the horrors of the death camp Chelmno. The result is a story that is fresh and shocking as it tears away any of the numbness one may feel for another account of a Holocaust survivor. Suddenly the fairy-tale ideas of rescue and evil are invested with modern connotations.

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Jane Yolen takes an interesting tactic with the story. The odd chapters consist specifically of Gemma, the grandmother, telling her version of Sleeping Beauty to her grandchildren, mostly Becca. The even chapters, however, tell of Becca's search, after her grandmother's death, to find out her grandmother's real identity and origin.

It is evident that within the last half of Briar Rose that the alternating chapters merge. This gives rise to a realistation of a symbolic connection between the Holocaust story and Gemma's story of Sleeping Beauty. For example; in Sleeping Beauty, the curse that is bestowed upon the princess, her family and friends mirrors the curse of doom that the Nazis and Gustapo unleashed.. The mist that covers that castle and puts everyone to sleep symbolizes the gassing deaths of millions of people. The castle surrounded with roses that were covered with barbs that were impenetrable symbolized the barbed wire that held the condemned inside the prison camps. By the end of the novel, there is so much symbolism to notice it almost overwhelming. It is as if the symbolism clicks together for the reader at the same time Becca pieces it together for herself.

From the commencement of the novel, the reader receives clues that that the story of Sleeping Beauty is combined with and has an underlying truth of the Holocaust Gemma have been through. "Everyone likes a fairy story because everyone wants things to come right in the end. And even though to tell a story is to tell some kind of untruth, one often suspects that what seems to be untruth is really a hidden truth." This epitomizing the traditional fairy tale moral constructs created to teach children right from wrong; the consequences of obedience and disobedience; and belief that evil can be reckoned with and overcome. Gemma's tale of sleeping beauty is a basic symbolism of her ordeal with the Nazi's, where she emerged as the survivor, symbolised by a princess in Sleeping Beauty. A direct relation between the Holocaust and Sleeping Beauty is demonstrated when Gemma says to Josef "And I shall never forget the dark prince who kissed me awake".

Briar Rose is a exceptionally emotional novel. The language used by Yolen is very graphic, openly depicting the horrifying events that took place in the concentration camps, symbolised by the castle in Sleeping Beauty. The vivid depictions Josef Potocki gave of his struggle makes the reader feel as if they suffered right along with him. When Potocki told Becca and Magda of how he and his companions found Gemma, it came as bitter sweet news due to the horrific events that her grandmother had been through.

Yolen demonstrates an intertwining feature between the fairy-tale; Sleeping Beauty and the Holocaust experience which was undergone by Gemma. He uses the story of Sleeping Beauty to symbolise what actually happened in the concentration camps. The result of which is a novel depicting the atrocities of the Holocaust from a number of diverse perspectives and emotions.

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Essay on Brotherhood

The Red Convertible is written by Louise Erdrich in 1984, it is from her novel Love Medicine. The author conveys different messages to the reader such as brotherhood and the impact of war. The work is based on two Native American brothers, Lyman and Henry Junior Lamartine. The red convertible is an important asset to the brothers Lamartine. It affects their lives. The car is the metaphorical symbol of brotherhood. Erdrich compares the old way of life with the new. Erdrich does this through metaphorical symbols: the color red, convertible, summer trip, and the fancy dance Henry performs before his death. In brief, the red car affects the lives of the brothers.

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First of all, Erdrich uses the red as the color of the convertible. In the story, the reason is that the color of the convertible is red and the destination that the brothers set out towards in their final journey together is the Red River. The color of human blood is red. The blood that Henry saw when he fought in the war, it represents the tragedy of the war. The experience and memories of Henry during the war is horrible. It changes the whole life of Henry deeply. The color red also represents the Henry's desire which is to be free. The convertible appears in a bright red because Henry feels trapped by the white man's war. Henry is looking for his freedom and peace by returning to the Red River.

Lyman worries about the safety of Henry when the government turns Henry into a Marine for the Vietnam War. "In those years I'd put his car into almost perfect shape" . The Red Convertible symbolizes the sentiment of the brothers - brotherhood and represents the love and care between the brothers.

How the war changes the life of Henry? Henry comes home after war, looking and feeling different. He becomes speechless and is very hard to express his feeling to his family. Henry is shocked by his memories during the war, he does not know how to face his life in the future. The Red car represents the brotherhood between the brothers. However, Henry is not interested in the car after the war. So Lyman tries to beat the car by a hammer to interest Henry in the vehicle and express his disappointment to his brother's behavior.

In conclusion, Erdrich explores the sense of brotherhood and the impact of war. The Red Convertible symbolizes the sentiment of the brothers. Lyman provokes Henry by beating the car and hopes Henry to be a normal and happy man again. The author also makes readers realize the horrible impacts of war. In brief, the story is gripping and sad.

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Essay on Paul Theroux

It seems like in this day and age everything and everyone is stereotyped. A person must always act a certain way depending on class, gender, and race. No one is allowed to be different in any way shape, or form. One of the main groups of people who must deal with major stereotypes is the American male. This essay will explain and analyze some of the stereotypes facing males today. Also, this essay will examine Paul Theroux's view on view on being a male.

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American males face an entire life filled with stereotypes. This starts from the time they are little boys and continues right up to adulthood. How many times have you heard someone tell a small male child to quit crying because boys do not cry? This is an example of the image placed upon men. They are not allowed to show feelings or weaknesses. To do this would make them look feeble and fragile. In order to be a man, one must be the opposite, one must be strong. The question is, why is being different such a bad thing? An essay written by Paul Theroux, called The Male Myth, tells of his disgust of this and other stereotypes that are placed upon men. He simply says that to be a man one must “Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient, and soldierly, and stop thinking”. To be the typical male a person must obey this stereotype and show no feelings. No matter the situation, men are not allowed to cry.

Many men feel the need to prove their masculinity. As children, playing high school sports is the way to be strong and fit in. Dunking the ball over an opponent or smashing the other teams quarterback is an excellent way to prove strength. Theroux feels that “the manly attitude toward sports seems to be little more than a recipe for creating bad marriages, social misfits, moral degenerates, sadists, latent rapists and just plain louts”. Sports can have a positive effect on the person who is playing. It is when young men feel they have to play to be a man that it turns bad. They feel that sports are the key to being like every other boy in their age group. Being different, would then cause them to be an outcast in their groups. They do not realize that there is nothing wrong with being unlike everyone else. Men tend to turn everything into a big competition. By competing against each other, they are proving who is stronger and more of a man. This is the reason everything from a simple video game to drinking turns into a contest. Drinking games are intended to see who can tolerate the most alcohol, and who can drink it the fastest. By slamming down a few beers with the guys, you would be considered to be more of a man. As Paul Theroux' view “Being a drunkard is another assertion, if misplaced, of manliness” . This is why society sees alcohol as something that is not wrong, even though it kills thousands every year. Where, if men would put an end to the excessive drinking that allows them to become masculine, lives could be saved rest.

There are stereotypes for every angle of life in the United States. Americans often feel that in order to be accepted they must follow these unwritten sets of rules. It is not just men that fear what is different. Everyone is afraid of what is not considered normal. There are only a select few who are brave enough to be an individual, unique from the rest.

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Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha Essay

Critical Essay on "Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha "

Roddy Doyle has written an unusual novel called 'Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha' it is a book told through the eyes of a 10 year old Irish boy. I will be writing a critical essay about the following aspects of this book. Characters, Style/Techniques and Plot.

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Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha I set in 1968. Paddy lived in a Suburban area of Ireland called “Barrytown”. Paddy lives with his mum, dad, younger brother Sinbad (real name Francis) and two younger sisters who he hardly mentions. His parents' marriage is dying. Bewilderingly, dad no longer loves mum and he hits her, hits her again. Paddy feels he has a responsibility to protect his mum, and helplessness because he can't make Sinbad understand that when their parents are silent they are fighting. Paddy has grown up hating his younger brother Sinbad but while you make your way through the book you see Paddy growing up and learning with ever problem at home to respect Sinbad. For example Paddy learns to help Sinbad when all Paddy's friends pick on and bully's Him They push him into bushes and pretend to run away making Sinbad feel alone but Paddy shows that he feels responsible for his brother by going back and helping him. he wiped Sinbad's nose on his sleeve and takes him home where he feels safe. He has a group of friends that he will not do anything without. His best friend is Kevin who has a cruel streak which paddy admires. He is also good friends with twins Liam and Adian. Liam and Adian mother is dead and there father is a known drunk in Barrytown he also has a girlfriend with was unheard of in the days of Paddy Clarke. With this relationship the family have become outcasts in there own town. Together the boys fight, insult, harass, explore, attack, race, build, mock, destroy, laugh, scream, burst into tears together they also go to school together. His school teacher Mr Hennessey is an old fashioned, strict, disciplinarian. He expects the best of all his pupils and often works them to hard.

The book has been written in a very simple way which makes it a very good book for small children to read but not the best thing for teenager and above to read as it feels like you are being pushed to sit and read the dullness. The book has got a special way of making you feel the heartache for this ten year old boy who has to deal with the family breaking up around him and he feels alone because he can't do anything for anyone else and that makes him feel alone and lost. The writer has made you feel like you yourself are trapped in this breakdown.

Although in many ways “Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha” is a funny book it is a very heart rendering book with Paddy's account of the family breakdown. Paddy's gradual realization that his parents are going to split is shared with the reader's honesty and vividly right up to the last few pages of the book. The book begins with Paddy begin like any other ten year old boy who is happy and content with life at home. The book highlights the boys bewilderment and confusion at the end where he has a broken family and sees some of his friends mainly Kevin as what they are. Bullies. Paddy began to compare his mother to all the other mothers in Barrytown in an attempt to discover why his father doesn't love his mother anymore. He can't see what is wrong with her; she seems perfect compared to all the other boys' mothers. He then sees that his family situation is becoming more and more like Liam and Aidan's - this is emphasized In the way he talks about Liam and Aidan and how they eat crisp sandwiches for lunch.

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