Essay on Corporations

This paper will discuss the characteristics of a corporation and the advantages and disadvantages to the corporate form of doing business.

Starting with a definition, a corporation is ‘an organization formed with state governmental approval to act as an artificial person to carry on business (or other activities), which can sue or be sued, and (unless it is non-profit) can issue shares of stock to raise funds with which to start a business or increase its capital’ (TheFreeDictionary, 2008).

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Corporations are often referred to as ‘legal persons.’ Indeed, the analogy with a person is helpful in understanding the functioning of a corporation, since it ‘can enter into contracts, sue and be sued, pay taxes separately from its owners, and do the other things necessary to conduct business’ (Harroch, 2006b, para. 1).

The main advantage of a corporation (which naturally stems from its legal identity being separated from that of an incorporator or shareholder) is that its liability for damages or debts is limited to its assets, thus shareholders and employees are shielded from personal claims, unless their behavior related to the governance of the corporation is illegal.

With regard to functioning of such a legal entity, shareholders of a corporation elect a board of directors. The board can pass bylaws and appoint executive officers and upper management. Registering a corporation in a certain country (referred to as ‘incorporating’) requires submitting Articles of Incorporation to the Secretary of State and informing the latter of the incorporator’s identity, the corporation’s purpose, and the amount of stock it will be authorized to issue. Shareholders and the board are mandated to hold annual meetings (TheFreeDictionary, 2008).

While limited liability is the main advantage of the corporate form of doing business, there are other benefits, such as corporate tax treatment, attractiveness for investors, a possibility of share ownership by employees (which increases their commitment and allows recruiting talented workers), corporate benefit plans, deductibility of health insurance for employees, and transferability of shares.

However, there are certain disadvantages of this form of doing business. Forming a corporation entail paying fees, such as a fee for filing Articles of Incorporation and a first-year franchise tax prepayment. Also, a corporation has to comply with a number of formalities to prevent its status from being revoked. Dissolving a corporation is the responsibility of its board, and this process might entail ‘gathering corporate assets, paying creditors and outstanding claims, and distributing the remaining assets to shareholders’ (Harroch, 2006b, ‘Dissolution’). Dissolution can be both voluntary and involuntary.

The main disadvantage of a corporation in the traditional sense is double taxation: ‘besides paying corporate income taxes, any dividends to shareholders are taxed again at the applicable tax rate’ (Harroch, 2006a, ‘Disadvantages of a C Corporation’).

Yet this can be avoided by forming an S corporation. There are two main forms of corporations: a C corporation and S corporation. S corporations have a status similar to Limited Liability Companies; ‘[t]his status allows the taxation of the company to be similar to a partnership or sole proprietor as opposed to paying taxes based on a corporate tax structure’ (Zahorsky, 2008, ‘What is an S Corporation?’). In addition, first years losses can be offset against personal income of the owner.

Therefore, corporations have their own advantages and disadvantages. In addition, two types of corporation also differ significantly in their attractiveness for businesspersons.

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Essay on Strategy

Strategy is the Key to Success

This paper, by referring to the concrete organizational case illustrated in the article, “All Terrain Vehicle” by Denise C. Guzzetta (1997), argues that strategy is the key driver of success and achievement within the modern organization. Guzzetta analyzes two Management Services Organizations (MSO) models of the Good Idea Company and the Comprehensive Physician Services Company as they relate to professional physician-hospital integration along with strategies for effective integration.

The Good Idea Company’s strategy (depicted in “All Terrain Vehicle”) is unique in that it offers individual approach to those professionals (physicians in this case) who need assistance both on the regular and one-time basis. While most hospitals (and virtually all other providers) lack the resources to develop their own guidelines from scratch, there is no shortage of independently developed medical health care programs provided by MOS. It has to be noted that the Good Idea Company provides treatment guidelines and disease management programs, which serve as blueprints for the provision of medical care.

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Strategies, clearly, have a number of advantages. In home building, for instance, they assure that all the building parts are exactly the right size and fit together perfectly, that nothing is left out, and that nothing is done to excess. The same is true in medicine, where the treatment guidelines and disease management strategies of organization’s development assure the proper timing of all required services while avoiding duplication and waste.

In theory, guidelines within the hospital can cut down on the ordering of tests, demands on nursing time, and misuse of medications. Guidelines and programs offered by the Good Idea Company can facilitate scheduling of the operating room, intensive care, and discharge planning, all on the individual basis provided only upon request. In practice, disease management can help providers identify medical problems in their earliest stages and prescribe the most cost-effective therapies.

Yet, the Comprehensive Physician Services Company is sometimes perceived as the better and more effective option as compared to the Good Idea Company. Guidelines and disease management developed by the Comprehensive Physician Services Company are potentially far more effective in eliminating inappropriate variations in medical practice than the ones offered by the Good Idea Company, which is largely limited to simple decisions about the need for surgery or a single medical service and the appropriate length of inpatient stay.

Of course, strategies designed by the Comprehensive Physician Services Company and its practices have their disadvantages. Services offered to a large-scale medical center do not meet the needs of every unit, and many physicians insist on customization.

Some physicians distrust organizational strategies and disease management programs developed by outsiders to the medical community, especially pharmaceutical companies, which are often perceived as pushing their products rather than selling treatments. At the same time, physicians recognize that strategies set the clear path of development and create the settings for the organization’s functioning.

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Essay on Willy Loman in “Death of a Salesman”

Arthur Miller in the play “Death of the Salesman” depicted the main character Willy Loman not as the tragic hero, but as the victim of false striving to “American Dream”.

Willy Loman was not an outstanding person; however, his character is deep in the obsession the obtrusive idea.

To define whether Willy Loman was round or flat character, it is essential to differentiate between those two notions. Round characters are those who are very realistic and complex in their nature, they are usually deep personalities and can equally have good and bad traits of character. Round characters are usually main characters and their mental emotional experiences are developed through the story. Flat characters are those who lack realistic personality. Such characters are stereotypical ones and their personalities are not developed through the story and remain the same. So, it becomes clear that Willy Lowman was the round character.

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Willy Lowman was the person of the middle class, who appeared to be the victim of the society, which played against him. This is how he is described by the person who knew him the best, and probably knew his real nature: “Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. He’s not the finest character that ever lived”. Being a victim, he was constantly suppressing himself and his family in false pride and lies. Willy never noticed his personal ignorance, he was insecure and self-deluded person. He believed with all his heart and soul in the idea of the American Dream, in the fact that he could easily gain a lot of money and achieve success, although he never achieved it. He was distinguishing between his dreams and the reality that was around, and when the reality started pushing on him, it hurt severely his mental health. The main conflict of the play is centered on the tremendous tensions of the Willy’s disparity and his social obligations. Willy to some extent is also the tragic hero, as he didn’t achieve self-knowledge and self-realization, even though he achieved the professional understanding of himself and comprehended the sales profession fundamentals. The problem is that he didn’t realize his failure as the person and how he betrayed his own soul and family trying to achieve illusive heights. He was not able to understand himself and he was not listening to the voice of his heart. He appeared to fail the opportunity to perceive the real spiritual, personal and emotional understanding of his personality. He was blinded by his artificially created dream and his mind was too blurred to recognize that. The peak of his “blindness” is his inability to understand that his family loved him very much, and it is the real tragedy of life.

Even though Willy failed in fulfilling of the American Dream, he made the extreme sacrifice in deciding to leave his inheritance to provide the opportunity to his son Biff to end the business of his life. Willy and Biff appear to be two central characters of the play; they are the most developed by the author in their experiences. They had conflicting relationships, which define the family and economic struggle though their dialogues.

Willy’s suicide turns to be the peak of his moral struggle primarily with himself. I think that it was the revelation for him, as he finally received the relief and was set free from the chains of the American Dream. Willy’s death was also opened Biff’s eyes upon the dream of his entire father’s life and he finally comprehends the real Willy: “He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong…He never knew who he was.” And in these words there is a deep grief with the acceptance of the destiny. Biff finally understood that material values are not worth to be pursued, and the main objective in each person’s life should be the attempt to understand who he is and what his real predestination at the Earth is.

Willy Loman believed strongly in the idea of the American dream. He was sure that without significant efforts it was possible to get everything he would desire- success and wealth. The fact is that he ever got anything and lived in illusions. Willy’s obsession with “easy” money subsequently led to his psychological and inability to understand what is dream and what is the reality. His disparity was gathering like a snowball and finally led to his suicide.

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Essay on "The Fast and the Furious"

The Image of California in the Movie
"The Fast and the Furious"

The movie “The Fast and the Furious” discloses the particular image of California of 2001 year pattern, which is difficult to believe, but very exciting to follow.

The plot of the movie goes around cars and racings. The main characters seem to be Brian O’Connor and Dominic Toretto. The first mentioned is the policeman, who works under coverage to lay open the group of people on four Honda Civics, who are hijacking big trucks with electronics, and have already earned in such a way about 6 million dollars. Dominic Toretto with his team of five people is the main suspect, but the police have no evidences and therefore it sends Brian to find out how are things done in the world of Dom and street racers.

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Dominic Toretto has the house and the workshop where he is taking care of the cars. He has the girl-friend Letty, sister- Mia, and three friends, who are equally his family- Jesse, Leon and Vince. They are the team, who are literary eager to kill for one another. Obviously it is very difficult to get into such a team and get trusted, but still Brian succeeded, by helping Dom escape from the police.

The only things they care about are cars and their ties to each other. They trust and care about each other in the greatest extent. They participate in the street racings and earn easy money for that. Among other participants can be saw Japanese people, Afro-Americans and Latinos. Race relationships in the California of 2001 pattern are depicted very harsh and constrained. As they all communicate to each other, but stay away. It is a kind of clan system, in which each clan is protecting its own dignity and territory.

Japanese people have their own district in the city, in which Dom and his people are not kindly welcomed. They have a kind of silent agreement that each team should stay away from the hostile districts. The matter is that the payment for violating the agreement can be even life. Japanese people care very much about their families (episode when police bursts into Johnny Tran’s house where he has lunch with his family members) and about their attitudes.

All people are well-equipped with the weapon and not afraid to use it nor in the night neither in the daylight. California is then depicted as the place where the police are sleeping all the time and police foghorn is heard when the “party” is already over. There are no road traffic police watching the speed of the cars and it is possible to show everything your car is capable of without expecting any punishment. The relationship of the city and the justice system are rather interesting, as the police is doing nothing but waiting what Brian will tell them new on regard of the racers. The headquarters of the police stationed in the confiscated house with an amazing view and the pool and they are just hanging out all the days waiting for the results.

Girls are depicted in movie like being good accessories for racers with the exception of Dom’s sister Mia and his girl-friend Letty. Letty is equal to all men, as she races with the others, does her job with the cars in the workshop. She protects her relationships with Dom from other girls, and it is obvious that they are afraid of her. She is not showing off, very self-assured and seems to know what she wants form life. Mia has the café and serves food, she is more in the shadow of her brother and she takes care about all supplementary stuff her brother and team may need. She orders the supplies, takes care about food, dishes and house. She equally races, but her image in the movie being in the shadow waiting for the prince to notice her. All the other girls’ image is having short skits, big breast and caring for the money and the victory. In their majority they are portrayed as being inferior to men, and seem to be created only for their entertainment.

The attitudes to religion are portrayed very brightly. The most interesting episode to this extent is when Dom and his team are about to start their lunch and Jesse takes the chicken first, Dom assigns him to tell the prayer. Brian looks very astonished at first moment, as he didn’t expect Dom to be religious, but then he hears Jesse speaking: “Dear Heavenly...Uh…Spirit. Thank you. Thank you for direct-port nitrous injection, four-core intercoolers, ball-bearing turbos, and titanium valve springs. Amen”. Letty says that they were praying the car gods. They all seem to be ironic right there, but there is still the impression that the thing was that didn’t want to show off with the religious things, but everyone said the real grace silently. So, even though that it seems that for racers, who are having guns and attacking trucks, there is no saint, well appears there is. In the episode when Brian and Dom found themselves in the Japanese district, there were also many statues of Buddha, aiming to show that religious aspects are very important to that kind of people.

There are a lot of stereotyping in the movie- the pattern of the relationships between rivalry gangs, following leadership patterns (when the Brian earns trust of the Dominic, all his team, except Vince, start to equally trust him), Brian’s falling in love Mia, whose brother in the long run he is supposed to arrest, etc.

And finally we get the image of Los Angeles, where there are a lot of hot girls, palm trees, lovely sunsets, fast and expensively equipped cars, cops with faithful and kind hearts, courageous criminals, deep family ties, praying to the car gods, closing the streets at night and following the police transfer to have the street racings, and finally cops who let the main suspect to take the car and escape.

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Essay on Weapons

With the evolution of mankind human desire to conquer others lands and to enslave other peoples grew, which led to the search for more sophisticated and improved weapons of war. Scientific and technological revolution contributed much to the development of new weapons of all kinds. Undoubtedly rapid progress in military technology had a great impact on the course of hostilities. We can observe the progress in military technology by the example of a series of wars, which America waged. If we analyze the course of Civil War, World War I, World War II and the Cold war we will see that from 1862 to 1991 the world has made an enormous progress in military equipment, which certainly influenced tactics and strategy of all these wars.

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The main tendency in the development of military weapon was the endeavor to make weapon as powerful as possible in order to annihilate more enemies. The more solid the weapon was, the more people it could destroy, the faster the aim of war was achieved by one or another party. The American Civil War started in 1861 and lasted for four years. At that time the most powerful and effective weapon was a cannon. The Civil War was marked by extensive use of heavy rifled cannons, which were made out of high quality cast iron.

In comparison with the Civil War, World War I was characterized by far more powerful military equipment, which certainly resulted in the number of people killed. It lasted from 1914 until 1918 and had grave consequences that influenced greatly the history of the twentieth century. During the period from the Civil War till WWI scientists paved the way for a massive destruction of people and buildings. In 1867 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, which decided the outcome of numerous battles and the destiny of many cities. In sea warfare submarines began to be largely used in order to carry out sneak attacks.

However, in spite of signing peace treaties, World War I provoked further aggression. The Germans’ desire to take revenge, to restore and to enlarge the empire and to prove the world their might led to World War II. The preparation to the war resulted in the introduction of rocket artillery, anti-tank rockets and flying bombs. In 1943 air-launched anti-ship missiles were used for the first time. Undoubtedly, the breakthrough in the technology of warfare was the development of an atomic bomb which became the most destructive and appalling weapon ever known in the history.

The decision to use atomic bomb against Japan caused heated disputes, which do not calm down till now. Harry Truman, who wanted America to be the unconditional winner in WWII, gave an order to drop the bomb as soon as possible without any warning. From a perspective of humanism this decision cannot be justified as the aftermath of this unconventional attack became catastrophic. Personally, I believe it is impossible to put political image of the country over lives of millions of people. Even a war should have its rules and measures.

Historians name several factors that induced Truman to make such a decision. One of the most significant of them is the policy of America directed at the status of absolute leader in the world, especially in the context of its confrontation with the USSR. This confrontation lasted long after the end of the Second World War and became famous as the Cold War. It lasted from 1947 until 1991 and consisted in military buildup and political rivalry for the supremacy in the world. Though there was no military engagement between two world powers, the struggle was tense and exhausting. The main purpose of both countries was to consolidate their armies. In this time reconnaissance satellites and sensors were developed by the Americans while Soviet people tested a hydrogen bomb.

To make a conclusion we see that during two centuries America participated in four wars and from one war to another its military equipment developed and improved, which allowed the country to gain many victories and to sustain fewer losses than other countries. However, in chase of victories America sometimes forgot about humanistic principles and displayed savagery to other countries. Thus, Truman’s decision to use an atomic bomb against Japan cannot be justified anyway.

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Essay on Health Care

Essay on Health Care as a Career

Explain long-term goals and why you chose healthcare as a career

I have always known that the opportunity to help people will be the most important feature of my future occupation. Being a sociable and helpful person, I never miss an opportunity to help someone in need because the joy of seeing a smile on the face of the person who was worried only a few minutes and to know that you had a role in helping this person is to me the greatest pleasure in the world. Choosing a field, I was positive of one thing – I wanted an occupation that would give a chance for proper application of my intellectual potential and my willingness to help others. Receiving the nursing degree is a chance to join my spiritual and intellectual pursuits in an attempt to make the most of my abilities in a meaningful and challenging job.

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My interest in medicine began many years ago. I helped my mother who was a nurse and took care for my dying grandfather. This made a big impression on me. Since early childhood I felt deep compassion for the sufferings of sick people. To see someone in my family go down with a severe illness was a real tragedy for me, and unfortunately I had to see a few such instances. This made me sensitive to sufferings in all people and inspired me to strive for knowledge that will help relieve these pains.

My first year of studying has been quite challenging and more difficult then I expected. But I am sure I have improved myself, I am learning to be more organized and to handle stress better than I ever have. I became even more confident in my desire to study nursing. I really care about the patients and their stories. I am learning to be more attentive to people and their problems.

This clinical experience I had this year was very important and helpful for me. It confirmed that I was not mistaken, choosing the area to specialize in. All the activities I participated in helped me to get a better insight into the field. This working experience helped me to become more motivated, reliable, more effective and sensitive in communication with other people.

After graduation I plan to work at Graham hospital, in my hometown where I grew up. I am sure that my town hospital needs more well-education and passionate about their work nurses. I can really help my town through serving people, taking care of their health.

I am very interested in medical-surgical nursing and very much enjoy geriatrics. These are the areas in which I would like to pursue my career.

Looking back on my academic background, I believe that I am ready to take up the challenge of mastering the required courses. Most importantly, I count on my enthusiasm for the subject that will help in overcoming whatever obstacles may arise on my path. I am positive that I will use this chance wisely cope with a challenging program and make the most of my potential.

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Essay on Abortions

Essay on Abortions Should Not Be Legal

Abortion has been and still is one of the nation’s most controversial issues. It is discussed on various levels and from numerous points of view. Being a social phenomenon, abortion has many opponents as well as supporters but only small part is radical enough and ready to deny the opposite point of view, the majority accepts the right to abortion.

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In its 1973 landmark decision in Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that a woman has a constitutional right to an abortion. The Court based its ruling on two findings. First, the justices found that a woman’s right to privacy allows her to end a pregnancy. Although the word “privacy” does not appear in the Constitution, the Supreme Court had ruled in earlier cases that a right to privacy does exist. Second, the Court said that a fetus is not a person and thus is not protected under the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee that “no person” can be deprived of life without a fair trial.

Opponents of legalized abortion believe that human life begins at conception and that aborting a pregnancy is a murder. Those who believe that abortion should remain legal say that in a free society the government should not take away a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy. Abortion is a personal choice and a woman must have control over her own body. In addition, abortion rights activists argue that medical experts do not agree on when human life begins; therefore, abortion cannot be considered murder.

Some proponents say that the procedure is harmful to the women and cite studies that show higher rates of hemorrhage, infection, and complications in subsequent pregnancies for women who have had the abortions. Pro-choice advocates contend that legalized abortion protects women by allowing them to have qualified physicians perform the procedure, thus preventing them from using dangerous, often life-threatening methods to terminate unwanted pregnancies.

A logical conclusion that may be done is the legalization of abortion that seems to be inevitable, particularly in well-developed countries.

Opponents of legalized abortion believe that easy access to abortion has led to sexual promiscuity in American society – especially among teenagers, some of whom may view abortion as an accepted means of birth control. Proponents of abortion dispute the idea that large number of women view abortion as a means of birth control and instead describe it as a last resort for women in desperate situations.

Some people say that since no one has proved that life begins at conception, abortion cannot be considered murder. A woman should have the right to terminate her pregnancy as a matter of private choice and to do so without government interference. Legalized abortion protects women’s health by allowing competent doctors to perform the procedure safely. Abortion has to be legalized but at the same time it should be strictly regulated.

Nowadays, the problem of abortion, and, consequently, the problem of antiabortion become vitally important particularly for well-developed, post-industrial societies. It is evident that it is not a problem of an individual anymore but a really social problem because it concerns not only the health of a woman but it also produces a serious impact on a demographic situation in the whole country and on a psychological atmosphere in the society at large and within the family in particular. Traditionally, antiabortion beliefs are very strong even in the most democratic societies but on certain conditions even conservatives agree that abortion may be necessary or even inevitable.

I am against abortion. It deprives an unborn human being of opportunities for valuable future. It might pose serious threat to women’s life and in some cases women are not able to have children anymore. Religion is also against abortion because according to the religious believes the pregnancy is never accidental and it is God’s gift that should not be rejected. Church also emphasizes that bearing children is women’s most important function and rejecting it, is just the rejecting of self and the idea of person’s divine nature. That means that woman does not love herself, and loving yourself is the most important thing in the world, from which everything starts. It seems like a great restriction, but in each one there is a sense to listen to.

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