Health Behavior Essay

Bright, S. J. et al. (2008). Cigarette smoking among young adults: Integrated adolescent cognitive egocentrism with the trans-theoretical model. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60, (1), 18-25. Retrieved from EBSCO. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2b06a747- dcec-4bf4-b3bc-60a8b4b8d17f%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=112

According to this source, one of the mostly used behavioral models in assisting cigarette smokers, and especially the adolescents and young people to quit smoking is the trans-theoretical model. This model has five stages, which include pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and the maintenance stage. The most important groups among these five groups are the pre-contemplation stage and the contemplation stage. In the pre-contemplation stage, the smokers do not feel as if they are doing anything wrong. However, this changes as individuals enter the contemplations stage, where they start experiencing cognitive dissonance. According to this study, the use of trans-theoretical model may be inappropriate because, it exhibits inefficiencies when it is applied.

Girma, E. et al. (2010). Cigarette smokers’ intention to quit smoking in Dire Dawa town Ethiopia: an assessment using the trans-theoretical model. BMC Public Health, 10, (2010), 320-326. Retrieved from EBSCO. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=cd21541d- f4b1-4958-a233-f3f33943c50b%40sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=112

In this source, the trans-theoretical model is applied in assessing cigarette smokers’ intention to quit smoking. The study was conducted in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, and it involved 384 current cigarette smokers. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and was further analyzed using SPSS package. The results indicated that most of the smokers were actually intending to stop smoking. At the same time, the smokers who did not intend to stop smoking indicated a very high dependence on nicotine, as well as self-efficacy. Additionally, the results also showed that the advantages of smoking were decreasing as disadvantages increased in all stages. This implies that there is a need for medical personnel to use stage based interventions in assisting the patients to move from one stage to another in the trans-theoretical model.

Carnes, M. et al. (2005). Diversity in academic medicine: The stages of change model. Journal of women’s health, 14, (6), 471-475. Retrieved from EBSCO. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=55a21c1f- 1378-4710-94ff-37ca32e46a05%40sessionmgr112&vid=1&hid=112G

Cultural diversity and gender equality have not been taken seriously in the medical field for a number of years. These are critical issues, which must be addressed appropriately for the medical field to perform and operate efficiently. The best way to ensure this is through the application of trans-theoretical model. Even though nicotine is very addictive, a great number of people have been able to overcome their smoking habits through the application of the trans-theoretical model. Because of this reason, many public places including offices are now smoking free zones. Academic medicine played a very critical role towards this new trend. It should also play the same role in addressing these issues.

Prochaska, J. J. et al. (2007). Medical Students’ use of the stages of change model in tobacco cessation counseling. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22, (2), 223-227. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1824739/

The trans-theoretical model has been adopted in the majority of medical facilities and institutions for assisting in tobacco cessation. According to a research that was done on 147 medical students, in order to assess their preparation level for providing stage based interventions in treating cigarette smokers, it was evident that medical students are able to match their counseling strategies to a patient’s stage of change. However, they require more training in order to be able to assist their patients appropriately.

Balbach, E. D. (2008). How the health belief model helps the tobacco industry: individuals, choice and information. Tobacco Control, 15, (4), iv37-iv43. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563587/

This source is a research, which aims to determine how tobacco industry executives use concepts of choice and information as well as make a consideration on how these concepts relate to health behavioral change theoretical models. The findings of this research indicated that the tobacco industry executives used these two terms inappropriately and in a cunning way, through which, they were able to shift the responsibility and the blame to the consumer. In doing so, they relied on individual rational choice theories, which lay emphasis on autonomous decision-making. However, the tobacco industry should stop using these theories and adopt models that require it to participate in assisting its customers to stop smoking in a genuine way.

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Essay on Making Mistakes

It is normal for one to make a mistake. Throughout my life I have made several mistakes, some I regret more than others. Even though I have my regrets, I have learnt profound lessons from those mistakes I made. I have become a better person through overcoming the consequences of my mistakes. 

My biggest regret in life is running away from home when I was sixteen. For some reason, I was feeling angry at my parents and my adolescent thinking saw the only solution was to run away from home. I left school behind even though I was about to sit for a crucial exam that would be instrumental in my college application. I did odd jobs to find some food and did not have proper shelter during the period I was away from home. After a few weeks, I had enough and I returned home to my parents. 

Even though life slowly got back to normal, I had missed my exams, and I had to redo an entire grade. If I had not run away from home, I could have gotten into college with all my friends instead of being left in high school. I am now a well-mannered student and live by the rules.

Essay on Obesity in Adolescence in the United States

Obesity in Adolescence in the United States

Obesity in adolescence in the United States has increased tremendously in the last three decades. Adolescence is an important stage in the growth and development process because it forms the bridge between childhood and adulthood. About 30 percent of adolescents are obese despite the fact that obesity is an easily diagnosable condition.

There is a difference between overweight and obesity. Overweight refers to excess body mass index as defined by the ratio of the height to bone, fat, muscle, and water. Obesity refers specifically to excess body fat. Both, however, result from a caloric imbalance; the calories expended are too few for those consumed.

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Obesity in adolescence can be related to a genetic line of obesity, lack of physical exercise, behavioral factors such as overeating or poor eating habits, low self-esteem, medications, depression, or even medical illnesses. These factors are often compounded for each individual adolescent and should be treated or at least diagnosed to effectively treat the condition. Genetically, for example, the child of an obese parent is 50 percent likely to be obese or overweight (Guo and Chumlea, 147). This increases to 80 percent probability if both parents are obese or overweight.

Studies by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) indicate that deaths related to unhealthy weight gain amount to over 300, 000 annually (Daniels, Arnett, Eckel, 111). Its social costs are estimated at $100 billion in the United States alone. To further compound the problem, obese adolescents have a higher chance of becoming obese adults unless the condition is treated.

The onset of obesity in adolescence is likely to be in childhood. The excess body fat poses short-term and long-term effects. Short term effects include increased chances of getting cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol; prediabetes that is indicated by high blood glucose levels; sleep apnea; socialization and psychological problems; and joint and bone problems (Dietz, 856). Long-term effects include the likelihood that the individuals will be obese in their adulthood. This places them at an even higher risk of adult health problems. Obesity and overweight have also been associated with other disorders and conditions such as many types of cancer.

There are many ways to manage obesity depending on the identified factors for the individual teen.

The most generic ways to manage the condition include controlling calorie consumption, increasing physical activity, seeking psychological support such as from a support group, changing eating habits, and entering into a weight-management program (Daniels, Arnett, Eckel, 111). All these solutions are dependent on the willpower of the individual adolescent to maintain a healthy body.

Obesity is a complex problem whose solutions require a multifactor approach. It can only be effectively handled by approaching the issue from different social unit levels, beginning with individuals, families, and policymakers. As a national health issue, obesity among adolescents affects more than just the individuals it inflicts. It lowers the effectiveness of the national health system and increases the economic and sociological burden of the medical system on society. For most adolescents, obesity is a lifelong sentence. Most of them try different ways of losing the extra body fat but fall back into their old eating and exercising habits. The only permanent solution is thus a high discipline in calorie consumption by limiting oneself to healthy foods and exercising as regularly as possible.

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Digital Demonstration Tool essay

Digital Demonstration Tool

Geometry in 3 dimensional solids and other related geometric shapes is critical as it requires integration of well coordinated tools to guarantee students’ understanding.

This digital demonstration tool has a digital tool from which students should be taught to select a given computerized shape or solid by name or image after which their various properties will appear and a visual demonstration of properties e.g. phases will keep running on the main screen.

Apart from the digital tool (the main part of this demonstration tool), charts are also incorporated to aid in further learning and to demonstrate understanding.

The teacher must ensure students understand details about analysis, description and classification of various geometric structures and shapes as well as their geographic properties.

This understanding will be tested by students using charts on the walls of the classroom to respond to questions from the teacher by drawing shapes and nets of various solids that have been studied and analyzed using the digital tool.

It is therefore important that the students be taught how to use this digital tool to generate various geometrical shapes and nets after which they can apply the concepts on charts.

The digital tool

Students understand better when they learn from images (geometrical shapes and other related shapes and their respective nets) that have been developed, designed and stored in a computer.

Projectors can be used and adjusted for a better view for all students without having to attend to every student individually.

The tool  is digitally set and reset and the demonstration tool is structured to show images of the solids and other parts are indicated with direction  for clicking upon which information sought about the solid will be displayed e.g. their nets or number of vertices, sides, faces, bases and congruent dimensions they have.

The digital tool continued

The information generated using a computer is accurate and  the angles of shapes are exact thus images  developed are easier to relate to and understand.

The tool allows for changes to be made as the teacher wishes for better understanding of the students and teacher’s explanation of various concepts.

Through this tool, a net can be digitally developed to enhance the students’ 3 dimensional understanding of every solid.

Charts

Charts form the secondary part of this demonstration tool for purposes of  knowledge reinforcement and practice.

Students understand better by observing and referring to geometrical shapes and their nets on charts that constantly stay on the wall.

As they learn and understand the various concepts better, they can develop newer shapes by analyzing the ones on the charts with the aid of the digital tool after which they will classify the new shapes indicating their various properties e.g. angles, faces, vertices and sides.

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"Sayonara" and Asian Women Essay

Sayonara Movie Essay

Sayonara was directed in 1957. This Hollywood film is another attempt of the foreign directors to depict the Asian identity from a new and unique perspective. In this film, a brave and handsome Marlon Brando performed a role of the Air Force officer, whose main intention was to protect the American national interests in the occupied Japan. He was in love with the Japanese woman. Racial tolerance and romantic representation of Asian women is the main message of this film. Shanghai Express (1932) talks about power separation between Asian men and women. As a rule, Asian males were dominant, but the main character of this film showed that she was able to fight for herself and she represented not only some hints at beautiful appearance, but also at her inner power and strength. Chang is a strong officer and he is not afraid of life challenges, but he does not intend to violate the rights of a woman. A tender woman prevents his attempts of sexual harassment at once.

Joshua Lang, who was the director of Sayonara, showed his social and racial tolerance to the Asian women too. Still, there were some hints at Asian women's subjection to white males, their weakness and helplessness in the face of these courageous officers. During the times of the Korean War, the director shows that everything was romantic and tragic in the relationship between two international lovers. This film provides the audience with some plot ideas of love affairs on the Korean occupied lands. It seems that her nature is dissolving in this white brave man. His physical dominance is metaphorically compared with the national dominance of the Americans on the occupied lands of Japan.

There is no doubt that Asian women have been often depicted in terms of an ideological paradigm, which is comprehensible for the audience from different nations. Interracial romance employs the idea about a subjective nature of the Oriental woman and her readiness to get involved in the intimate relations with white males, especially with the American ones. In some cases, like in Shanghai Express, Oriental women were depicted as mighty creatures, ready to fight for their rights and able to resist to Asian men’s dominance.

Essay on Physical Exercises

Physical Exercise Instructions Essay

Riding the stationary cycle for 30 minutes is a good but not enough. More activities that are physical are required to achieve physical fitness. Increasing time on the cardio machines to 45 minutes is a step towards the right direction. However, other physical activities can be done even at home. For instance, you can begin a walking group with other people for encouragement. This is a very easy way of keeping physically fit. You can also ride a bike or use a mower to mow your lawns. In addition, you can also use NSCA video exercise tips to perform the exercises while at home. While going to work, you can alight from a bus early and either walk or skate the rest of the distance.

 Karen you can engage in some plays that can enhance you fitness levels. For instance, you can begin swimming which is one of the best ways of keeping fit or take up dancing or yoga sessions. To improve your upper body strength, you can play wheelchair sports or hand cycling. Any of these physical exercises can help you be physical fit.

There are many ways of improving your upper body strength either at home or at a gym. This is something that is not instantaneous but gradual. You should begin by performing pushups daily. Begin by determining how many pushups you can comfortably do every day and then complete that amount each morning after waking up. After one week, you should increase the number of pushups you do by double. These pushups will strengthen your triceps and chest muscles as you will begin seeing the results after two weeks.

Performing bench press exercises will also improve your upper body strength.  The bench press exercises should be done using dumbbells. You can use a declined, flat or an inclined bench to perform the exercise. Divide the bench press weight into two while using the dumbbells to determine the weights to lift. To improve your chest muscles, you should vary the bench lifts using the bench at different heights by lowering or raising the bench. You can also improve on your triceps by either bench press or curls. The most simple of building the triceps is either by laying or sitting while performing the triceps extensions.

Lower body strength is also very useful in walking and running since it helps one to improve their endurance levels. The easiest way of doing this is performing squats especially the one legged squats. You should begin doing this every morning after determining the number you can perform.

You can also use weight machine to strengthen your thigh muscles. Place your leg inside the machine while your other leg at the foot rest. Push the weights more than 10 times. This helps to strengthen the outer thigh muscles. To build the inner thigh muscles spread your legs by placing your leg on the outside of the machine while the other at the foot rest. Pull the weight by bringing your legs together between 10 to 12 times.

Alternatively, you can use your weights to build your calf muscles. Stand on a raised surface with the ball of your foot in position while the heel of the foot on the edge.

Lift the other foot over the floor and push your body up and down using the planted foot. You can also use your free weights by standing on a level surface with your shoulder weights balanced using your hands. Then rise up and down on your toes. Do this around 10 times daily.

In the gym, you can use a weight machine to improve your thighs and hamstrings.  Place your legs behind the bar of the leg extension machine at the front of the ankles. Push against the weight of the machine until your legs are fully extended.

Perform these exercises equally both the upper body and lower body exercises for two weeks without fail and you will begin to see the results.